The Medias Influence on Body Image Essay - 4394 Words

Eleven million women in the United States suffer from eating disorders- either self-induced semistarvation (anorexia nervosa) or a cycle of bingeing and purging with laxatives, self-induced vomiting, or excessive exercise (bulimia nervosa) (Dunn, 1992). Many eating disorder specialists agree that chronic dieting is a direct consequence of the social pressure on American females to achieve a nearly impossible thinness. The media has been denounced for upholding and perhaps even creating the emaciated standard of beauty by which females are taught from childhood to judge the worth of their own bodies (Stephens Hill, 1994). To explore the broader context of this controversial issue, this paper draws upon several aspects influencing†¦show more content†¦Disturbances in the attitudinal element usually result in dissatisfaction with body appearance (Monteath McCabe, 1997). Perceptions about body images are shaped from a variety of experiences and begin to develop in early childhood. It has been shown that children learn to favor thin body shapes by the time they enter school (Cohn Adler, 1992). Gustafson, Larsen, and Terry (1992) reported that 60.3 percent of fourth grade girls wanted to be thinner, and the desire for less body fat was significantly associated with an increase occurrence of weight-loss related behaviors. Overall body size and image concerns have been reported to be more prevalent among females than males. Gender related differences in acceptable body size are shaped from a variety of societal definitions of appealing shapes for males and females. Patterns of body dissatisfaction formed in childhood and adolescence persist into adulthood and are most prevalent in females. In their study, Fallon and Rozin (1985) reported that college women perceive their figure to be heavier than the figure they identified as the most attractive to themselves (Lavine, Sweeney, Wagener, 1999). The American culture thrives on food and there is an increasing repertoire of foods to choose from on a daily basis. More money is spent on food advertising than on most other products and services in theShow MoreRelatedMedias Influence on Body Image Essay example1550 Words   |  7 Pagesportraying the thin women as â€Å"ideal† .This research plans to look at the effects of media on the body imag e of women. This cumulates the findings of empirical studies that observe the effects of media on body image. This study will also look at the different social comparison theories that relate media and body image. It will also investigate the different sources of media that have an impact on the body image of women. It also scopes to find out which sources have a greater consequence than the othersRead More Media’s Influence on Adolescent Body Image Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesToday’s society is a consumers’ society in which trying to obtain perfection is one of the fastest selling businesses (DeLaMater Pg. 12). Mass media, advertising, and fashion industries are being accused of feeding off females dissatisfaction with their bodies by portraying unhealthy thin role models in order to sell their products. This unachievable physique and lifestyle has led today’s adolescence down a dark path of such extreme eating disorders as anorexia and bulimia. Alth ough it may sound nice toRead MoreEssay on Downfall of Female Body Image: Media’s Influence2993 Words   |  12 Pageshappening in today’s world due to media influence. Young women are idolizing media images and trying to imitate them. This in turn is causing a negative effect on individualism. Young women should grow up wanting to be themselves as individuals. Girls should not mature with the mindset that they want to be just like the models in magazines and television commercials. Kristin Noelle Weissman discusses the effects of the mass media in her book Barbie: the icon, the image, the ideal. Weissman explainsRead More Enjoyment of Being a Girl: Overcoming Industry Standards Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesnegative images of women. These places all share one thing; negative images of women. Women are being used as a sex object and are not portrayed how the average woman looks. These portrayals can lead to loss of self-esteem and also weight loss. Women shou ld know that they need their spiritual health to live happily and not be influenced by the images that the media portray as the â€Å"perfect† body. Women need to have a feeling of being safe, powerful and comfortable within their own bodies. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"MediaRead MoreA Culture Of Perfection : Media s Influence On Adolescents1362 Words   |  6 PagesCulture of Perfection: Media’s Influence on Adolescents Comparison. It is one of the most dangerous and detrimental habits within our society. We fall into a routine of â€Å"self-checking† ourselves against others; mentally taking notes of what we can improve and what we are doing better. We all know that comparison often takes its’ toll on our confidence and self-worth; what we may not realize, however, is how early these destructive habits begin and why. The media’s influence is everywhere and its’Read MoreEffects of Mass Medias Ideal of Thinness1482 Words   |  6 Pagesperspectives to match that of the media’s current ideals. Concern over the media’s influence on body image has recently risen, striking the notion that many people regard the images shown throughout media as ‘real’. However, unbeknownst to them, such unbelievably thin body types are not quite attainable in reality, and therefore, individuals’ own beauty ideals and body images become unrealistic. The mass m edia’s ideal image of thinness has greatly impacted the overall body image of today, and has been linkedRead MoreMedia s Effect On Teens986 Words   |  4 Pagesmedia. According to the Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC), the suicide rate is currently the third largest leading causes of death among teenagers, and the numbers are growing day by day. Media’s contribution to this upward trend of suicide may be debatable, but we can’t deny the influence of television commercials on teens. Through false advertisements, unrealistic standard of beauty, and social norms, Media is fueling a national epidemic of teen suicide. Despite its downside, Mass MediaRead MoreEssay about The Media’s Effect on Adolescent Bodies 1725 Words   |  7 PagesThe Media’s Effect on Adolescent Bodies The stringent standard Barbie-doll proportions of body image and what is considered beautiful in today’s media has resulted in devastating effects on adolescent women. The images displayed of women who have long beautiful legs, thin waist lines and smooth flawless skin are very hard to ignore. Throughout history the female body has been on display as a selling tool to coerce people into buying that new fancy car or the latest new appliance that can makeRead MoreMass Media Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesentertainment. With these purposes, comes the influence of all the information we are exposed to. Most might say that mass media has had a positive impact on society as it’s made communication and information easily accessible for everyone. However, what they’re not aware of is the negative influences it has brought to women’s body-image. Because of the media’s endless advertisements of what is considered â€Å"beautiful† or â€Å"perfectâ₠¬ , eating disorders and body dissatisfaction have now become significantRead MoreFemale Athletes And Male Athletes1390 Words   |  6 Pagesmales are the dominate figure in sports. Unlike female athletes, men receive a tremendous amount of media attention than female athletes. Young boys grow up watching television bombarded with heroic images of male athletes. They have something to look up to, while young girls do not receive the same images. Male and female athletes have many equal opportunities when it comes to playing and succeeding in sports. Yet it seems that male sports happen to catch more of the limelight when it comes to the

Strategic Analysis (PESTEL, SWOT and Five Forces) of Ford Automobile Free Essays

string(121) " customers of automobile are more distressed about the authorizing and when the industry is going to convey the vehicle\." Introduction What is global marketing Global Marketing is the function of critical marketing assume to all feature of the business’s brand or applicability. If your business’s brand or applicability needs to be approach settled, then our imperative marketing dispensations are important to highlighting, composing and then eliminating an prosecutable design. Industry Definition Automobile can be characterize as the transport which spring on two, three, four or more tyres, the ambition may be to drive on the roads by individuals or to move the goods from one place to another place. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Analysis (PESTEL, SWOT and Five Forces) of Ford Automobile or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction to Automobile Industry: First vehicle is a three wheeler which was executed by Nicolas J. Cugnot. At first executed vehicle is accomplished by steam engine and advanced it was accomplished by fuels which are presently accessible in the merchandise. Currently less vehicles are rolling place on the extendable activities like Solar and Bio Fuels. Some vehicles are accomplished to work on Electricity. From the previous archives we can analyze that America is ruling in automobile business. Recently nations like India and Brazil are introducing their progress rate in the worldwide markets of vehicles business. Introduction to Ford Ford automobile firm is a worlwide ruler in automobile industry, which is constituted by Henry Ford. It is complying its trade in 7 continents and 90 plants are lanced globally. Ford recruited 201,000 workers in their organization.Ford producing Cars Commercial transports. Ford accomplishing its trade in fallowing continents North America Europe Asia Pacific Latin America Middle East Africa Caribbean Ford is escorting with some of the associations to manufacture exceptional automobiles. Ford is escorting with organizations like, BP, Microsoft, Sony, Roush, Adventure island Water country USA. PEST Analysis: Basically Pest analysis act as four important factors known as Political, Economical, Social and Technical factors of an industry. Political factors are about taxation, recruitment laws, domestic trade administrations and antagonist trade administrations. Economical Factors elaborate about economic advancement by corporation, tactics concerning crisis, distension and access of exchange rates Social Factors tell us about assets dispersion, cost, living alteration, health welfare, mental outlook to work and living circumstances. Technical Factors give a reason for Technological ability, technological relegation, amount of consuming in experiments, Energy operate expense and advanced creations. Ford pest Analysis: Political Factors: Market prices, oil charges and costless business continues which access the customer to devote on the automobile. derived dominion adjustment and technological assistance among nations helping the ford in boosting the endowment and constucting the modern standards which can encounter with the present outline. Commencement of new organization constitution influence the ford to advance its standing orders which are essential for assembling a valueable transport. Insisted accumulation (Labour unions) who plays an inportant role in the generation of an automobile in a ford assembling association. The labour unions should practice corresponding to the rules and regulations elevated by the business acts. Investor’s environment In most of the organizations financier had a administrative role to play in the progress and advancement of the aggregation. Economical Factors: Growth aptitude of functional market: The growth aptitude of functional market will conclude the attaining potential of the customer. That is the important factor that ford is performing in the countries like America, India and Brazil where the growth aptitude is at a great distance when analyzed to the other business. As explained the above layout of constrain for transports, we can elaborate that ford is accomplishing its business in the potential target markets. Effective Market Amount: Also the purchases of the ford was affected by the market calliber where it is accomplishing its trade. When the target market GDP growth is elevated than the customers will demonstrate more attraction to have a exceptional or luxury transport. Economic Advancement: Economic advancement is a very important part which will actuates the advancement of a appropriate economy as a whole and which will recognized on distictive GDP. Oil Charges Variations: The oil variations consequence the purchases of the ford organization. If the oil charges are high it will be hard to retail the exceptional and luxury vehicles. Expense acquainted consumers may not show attraction to purchase the automobiles which arrange deficient mileage. As a whole the declared inexpensive reasons will actuates the advancements of the potential markets, confine expense of the actions, return rate on the endowment, and plans to accomodate the amount of the automobile. Social Factors: Social factors plays an important appearance in flow in appeal derived on the following reasons like character, statistical, assurance of the customers in that accurate market domain. Some of social reasons of Ford are as follow Geographical Advancements The customers of ford had replaced from one geographical region to another geographical domain. Eg- The US for customers will use the cars or economic transports which have massive engines. But the Brittan buyers are acclimated to use the transports which are assigned by smaller engines. Customer Mental Outlook Customer`s mood plays a role in choosing car model and composition, If the customers like sports they will choose the sports model car for their convenance. But if the customers are thinking about the price and safety bothered then they`ll apparently select a medium vehicle which will accomodate the mileage and protection both. Travel Tendency The ford industry is accomplishing the vehicles derived on the travel tendency of the customers. Ford is a average price automobile which can be manageable by the medium class individuals. It is arranging the abilities depended on the travel tendency of the entire family. Technological Factors Technological factors of the ford automobile industry are very moderned when examined with their competitors. The technological factors of the transports organization will consequence on most of the affairs like sales percentage of the vehicles, customer amusement which indicate to the automatic advancement in the sales amount. Provide chain association It is the basic and too critical reason in the ford automobile industry, because the customers of automobile are more distressed about the authorizing and when the industry is going to convey the vehicle. You read "Strategic Analysis (PESTEL, SWOT and Five Forces) of Ford Automobile" in category "Essay examples" The Ford organization is having healthy supply series combination which is in more than thirty countries. Operations Aptitude Ford aptitude are more accomplished to supply the improved assistance to customers. Ford automobile company is conducting its assembling in more than 30 countries, so Ford activities are very competent so it is capable for arranging exceptional transports at exact times. Technological Advancements in dispersion Ford automobile industry is one of the transport companies which is implementing the vehicle view and designation in online through its website named aww w .ford.co.uk . One more moderned technological aspect is that customer can alter the components what he desire inner or the outer part of his car. The consumer will access the dispatch after minimum 1 month and max 2 months. If the ford is having the scheduled vehicle in the appraise they will transfer between one or two weeks. Product Transpiration Ford automobile organization is dispensing the customer to alter the car and its demands. So ford had accomplished a chance to inaugurate a fresh vehicle depended on the most of the consumer`s choice and inclinations. The ford organization vehicels executing will be affected depended on the customer alterization demands. Swot Analysis of Ford Automobile Company Strengths of Ford: Brand Appearence Ford brand is very popular in automobile organizations. Its brand appearence is famous in the worldwide merchandise because of high marketing and promoting. Online Marketing efficiency Ford is one of the famous transport organozation which is imparting the online customer confirmaation of vehicles through its website. In online the purchaser is acquiesce to alter the engine, colour, interiors and exteriors. More customers appraisal Ford is one of the vehicle company which is contributing the consumer for more category of vehicles and commercial transports. Ford is creating following kind of transports. Cars Commercial Vehicles (Jeeps, Vans, Trucks) Heavy Vehicles. Actions and allocation ability Ford is abundant in its actions and allocation because it is conducting its trade in more than 30 countries and it improving its composing method in more than ninety plants. Connections with leading organizations Ford industry is continueing the connections with leading organizations like Suzuki and Isuzu Motors Company to establish exceptional automobiles and in the part to technological attitude for vehiclle industry it is carrying on relations with Toyota and Honda motor organizations. Employee are affirm Ford automobile organization workers are skilled and efficient in all its actions. Ford will keep up admirable relation with the workers by offering them good sallaries in automobile organizations. Ford is more interested about the operating atmosphere and safety conditions of the workers. Weakness of Ford: Sales Deterioration The sales appearence of the ford organization was descent from the year 2008 to 2009 due to worldwide crisis in the world financial market. Crisis is one of the considerable reason for descent of sales and one more major reason is ford will compose the approved vehicels which are not able to confront with circulating market vehicles. Extremely large unfunded allowance and other accountabilities Ford is a kind of an which takes more accountability in the health and safety of the worker. Ford entrust more amount on preserving a better operating atmosphere. Low abundance Ford detailed its trade actions in expanded terrestrial distances, so administration is forgetting focus on some lines achievement and it access the ford to attempt the low productivity. Weakening actions in North America In the North America part ford actions has been cancelled due to the large amount of antagonists like GM, Toyota etc. The income of Ford was descent by 2.4%. Opportunities of Ford Creation of the fuel conducive cars Now a days ford is creating the cars with low mileage and grasp. Ford is having a great convenience to produce fuel efficient cars and commercial vehicles. The automobile stenance company is having one generate more fuel capable types like, vehicles which can run on braceable strengths like solar energy and bio fuels. Development of Hybrid vehicles Ford had one more choice in accomplishing the automobiles and commercial transports established on electric engines. If the vehicles are established based on electricity engines the customers will array more attraction to purchase the vehicles, the fact is the vehicle maintenance charge will low when the car is run on electricity. Circumstances in India and China markets Ford is owning the market circumstances in India and china countries because both countries are having large geographical area and community. The most of the people in these two countries are more attracted to possess a four wheeler for their family. That is the fact ford fiesta is a most acknowledged vehicle in these two markets. Threats to ford: Amount increase in unprocessed material Raw material prices like hard steel and rolling steel expense will power the bound cost of the vehicle. all in all it will esteem the profit margin of the ford because of low margin price. Accelerated development of competitors Ford advancement and advancement may actuate by rapid growth in no of competitors in the transport organization. From the beginning America claimed vehicle organization. Ford’s main antagonist are General motors, Toyota, Honda, BMW, etc. Smaller Capital applying Ford is applying short on its actions and analysis advancement exercise, when confront to its oponents. The opponents are consuming large amount on experiment operations. Competitor Analysis The Core Competencies of Ford are it is very innovative in using the high technology in the manufacturing the cars commercial vehicles. Ford is more concerned about safety and more over ford is gave the opportunity to its customers to customize their interiors and exteriors of Cars. The important competitive advantage is ford is the first motor company to come with active park assist, which can help the driver to park with a touch of a button Comparing the sales of top automobile companies like General Motors and Toyota. The sales of these companies are from the year 2004-2009. General Motors sales are high among these automobile companies. Ford is performing good even in recession time because the ford motor vehicles are not too costly when compared with competitors. Overall ford sales are good when compared to general motors and Toyota Strategies of ford Here is the Bowmen`s clock to analyze the strategies of ford Marketing is a social and administrative action by which individual and groups annex what they are their demands and want through actualize and alternate brands and appraisal with others. Marketing administration is the evolution of arranging and eliminating the apprehension, costing, advancement and dispersion of concepts, goods and services to actualize corresponding that appease individual and organizational aims. Marketing suggest some aggregation of goods created, services, facts, or knowledge proposed to a market to conciliate a need or want Marketing is an conventional and perceptive method for considering about and working out for markets. The operation begins with exploring the marketplace to comprehend its agitation. The dealer consumes analysis modes to analyze convinience, which is to discover individuals, all groups of people with missed requirements or hidden interest in some output or service. The marketing action existed on the following: Assaying marketing convinience. Establishing marketing strategies. Planning marketing policies. Administering the marketing achievements. Before taking any conclusion and accomplishing the destinations, it has to make inquiry of what to do,how to do, when to do, where to do and who is to do it. This is nothing but strategic tactics. Ambitions demonstrate what an organization unit wants to accomlisj whereas strategy is how to reach there.Marketing strategies in cleat appellation are the entire and invincible aims arranged accurately for acquiring the marketing ambitions of the organization. Marketing can be declared as a scenario for actualizing its ambitions. Strategy choice will rely on whether the organization or the dealer execute the following function: Market leader A challenger A follower A niche The apperception of goals, both in determinable and affectable session, is an important background to strategy conception. Ambitions have an affection and time anatomy appended to them.These are commonly explain in terms of financial return, market allowance, market companionship, etc. So the approach of market familiarized strategic purpose appears with the connection between the products the dealer is dealing in and the market circumstances. In this aspect, our study accord only with the marketing strategies i.e. promotional strategies of the Ford automobiles. OBJECTIVE To develop the connection with bankers to make the auto finance easy for consumer. To know the reason of acquaintance of the vehicles. To study and assay the Promotional Strategies of Ford. To know whether the consumers are appeased with the deals given by the marketer. To find out amusement of the consumers. To study and analyze the consumer`s understanding regarding the convenience/benefit of Ford vehicles. Conclusion Ford automobile company is acting well in the appearence of political, economical, social, and environmental. But ford unexpectedly affronting the difficulty in 2008 sales due to the inexpensive problem. (descent of markets and GDP’s). Worldwide economic circumstances are advancing but stays breakable. improvement in some markets are bashful due to debilitated labor markets and bound credit. Recommendations Ford company should contemplate more on income progress by producing exceptional and luxury vehicles and should manage the center group strategy. Ford have the convenience to create vehicles which can travel through electricity, solar energy and bio fuels. It will assist the association to establish in circumstantial cause. Referecnes: 1. http://www.scribd.com/doc/32286545/Macro-Environment-and-PESTL-Analysis-of-Ford-Car-Manufacturing-Ltd, Accessed on 21st-03-2011 2. http://www.scribd.com/doc/44687685/The-Marketing-Strategy-of-Ford-Motor, Accessed on 22nd-03-2011 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page, Accessed on 23rd-03-2011 4. Adrian palmer Bob Hartley, 2006, The Business Environment, fifth edition, Mc Graw-Hill Higher Education, UK. 5. Andre Clark, 2000, Organisations competitions and the business environment, first edition, Pearson Education Limited, UK. 6. Adrian palmer Bob Hartley, 2009, The Business Environment, Sixth edition, Mc Graw-Hill Higher Education, UK. 7. Worthington Britton, 2009, The Business Environment, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education Limited, UK. 8.www.economywatch.com, 2007, History of automobile industry, (online), Availablefrom URL-http://www.economywatch.com/world-industries/automobile/, Accessed on 25th-03-2011 9. www.businessweek.com, 2006, GM Ford-Roadmaps for Recovery, (Online), Available from URL- http://www.businessweek.com/investor/content/mar2006/pi20060314-416862.htm, Accessed on 27th-03-2011 How to cite Strategic Analysis (PESTEL, SWOT and Five Forces) of Ford Automobile, Essay examples

Business Analysis of 7-Eleven and Volkswagen †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Business Analysis of 7-Eleven and Volkswagen. Answer: Introduction The issue of ethics is topical in that it affects the operations of almost all facets of business while at the same time the topic can be controversial. Ethics refers to the rules or principles that define right and wrong conduct (Robbins, 2000). Businesses in particular are expected to do the right things in their operations hence, it can be observed that enlightened firms encourage their managers to look beyond the written laws by doing the right thing in doing business (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). However, ethical issues usually involve conflicting interests and people can disagree about the right course of action to take in a given scenario. As such, this report seeks to analyse the ethical conduct of two organizations namely 7-Eleven and Volkswagen (VW) that have hit the headlines for their unethical business practices that have been widely criticised by different stakeholders. The report starts by outlining the two case scenarios involving 7-Eleven and VW as well as the simila rities between the two companies that are presented. The report also addresses the assertion that good leaders by definition are ethical leaders and it also discusses the measures that can be taken in order to improve the organizational climate so that the members can act in an ethical manner. Case analysis of 7-Eleven 7-Eleven is one of the biggest convenience chain stores in Australia and it has come under the spotlight for its unfair labor practices where the employees mostly international students are paid half of the $24.50 an hour award rate they are entitled to and they are often threatened with deportation if they complain to the boss. Though the company has laid the blame on the franchises operating using its trademark, there is abundant evidence to show that the company itself is at fault (Ferguson and Danckert, 2016). The rot at the companys head office pertaining to underpayment of the workers has been downplayed for a long time and it was only exposed by a whistle blower. However, the company has been operating profitably for a long period using unorthodox business practices that have been equated to slavery by different concerned stakeholders. Apart from being underpaid, the affected students are also forced to work for long hours. For example, one student was threatened with deportat ion after confronting the employer following a dispute of unpaid wages amounting to more than $30 000 (Ferguson and Danckert, 2016). The lawyer of the franchise store threatened that he will report him to immigration for breaching his student visa conditions by working more than 20 hours a week. The practice has been viewed as highly illegal and prominent groups including lawyers, politicians and other regulators have categorically stated that something should be done in order to rectify the problem. Ironically, the exploited and intimidated workers by the chain store are mostly international students who are often threatened with deportation once they try to raise their concerns about the unfair treatment they will be getting from their employers (Ferguson and Danckert, 2016). This shows that the wage scam is a planned initiative and the head office has full knowledge of its existence. The affected students have stated that the company is making money out of them instead of engaging in fair business practice. This practice is viewed as fraud and therefore unethical since all human beings are born free and with equal rights. On top of that, Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), states that No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in any form. This goes along with the proclamation that no one should be subjected to unfair treatment in foreign countries since their rights should be upheld under whatever circumstance. Case analysis of VW Volkswagen, a German car manufacturer has been implicated in a scandal for installing software in its cars that ensured it falsely passed emission tests and for seven years, about eleven million cars have passed the test (Rhodes, 2015). The cheating by VW was specifically meant to increase its sales and in 2009, the company became the worlds biggest car manufacturer (Rhodes, 2015). Following the discovery of the scandal at VW, the CEO Martin Winterkorn resigned and later faced criminal charges. The nature of this scandal shows that it was not a mistake or a result of poor judgment but was intentionally designed as well as executed in violation of the law with the sole aim of increasing the companys revenue generation capabilities (Queen, 2015). During the contemporary period, it can be noted that the issue of global warming is topical since it causes damage to the environment and various organizations particularly automobile manufacturers are compelled to ensure that they manufacture vehicles that are environmental friendly. As such, all newly manufactured vehicles are supposed to undergo tests to ensure that they are in compliance with the expected standards. However, the case of VW shows that it deceived those people it owed a duty of honesty intentionally by fraudulently misrepresenting its vehicles to be what they were not actually like. The most significant aspect about this particular case is that the company continued to commit the wrong business practice for years fully aware that its action was not good all for the sake of making profits from its operations. Similarities between both cases In both cases that involve 7-Eleven and Volkswagen, it can be observed that their clandestine practices which were also unethical were carefully planned by the company owners with the sole purpose of earning profits at the expense of the other stakeholders. As noted in the case of 7-Eleven, the company resorted to underpaying the workers mostly international students with full knowledge since they had their intended goals of reaping profits as a result of reduced labour costs. In most cases, labour costs significantly contribute to the overall costs of the organizations operations. Therefore, in this case, the company sought to cut these costs through unorthodox means. The justice view of ethics states that individuals should impose and enforce rules fairly and impartially so there is an equitable distribution of the costs and benefits (Robbins, 1993). This view is usually favoured by unions which advocate that all employees are paid similar wages for the same job since they contribu te to the company in the same way. In the same vein, it can also be observed that the case of VW has quite a number of similarities with that of 7-Eleven. VW deliberately evaded the regulations that stipulate that the vehicles manufactured by the company should pass emission tests so that they do not contribute towards the green-house gas emissions that negatively affect the environment. However, in all their knowledge, the responsible authorities at VW tempered with the software to detect the level of gas emissions so that the company can reap profits from selling vehicles that do not meet the expected standards with regard to greenhouse gas emission standards. The stance taken by VW is unethical and it is similar to that taken by 7-Eleven and this shows that both companies are primarily concerned about their profit oriented goals at the expense of the interests of the other stakeholders that are affected by their operations. This type of attitude displayed by both companies is unethical and it should be treated with the contempt it deserves since it is intentional. Good leaders by definition are ethical leaders To a larger extent, I agree with the statement that good leaders are by definition are ethical leaders. In as far as business ethics are concerned, the underlying principle is that they should not be compromised for financial gain (Strydon, 2006). For instance, this calls for leaders to be truthful in whatever they do and they avoid situations that are likely to result in them engaging in unorthodox practices which can be viewed as unethical. As shown in both cases, it is evident that the leaders are not ethical since they engage in bad practices that are designed to help them to generate huge profits at the expense of the employees and other stakeholders. An ethical leader does not engage in bad practices fully knowing like what has been shown in the cases of VW and 7-Eleven. Whilst the issue of ethics can be controversial in some cases, ethical leaders do not deliberately do bad things in their operations as illustrated above. The other issue is that good leaders lead by example and they are expected to display positive behaviour that can be emulated by their followers within the organization. A leader who is ethical knows that the followers should be treated as important to the organization not mere workers who must just work for the sake of productivity. This is very important since it helps the creation of mutual trust between the leaders and their followers as well as the other external stakeholders. When the followers are happy about the way they are treated, job satisfaction also increases and this positively contributes increased productivity. This is advantageous to the company since it can generate more revenue from its operations through fair means. Thus, Enlightened leaders look beyond the written rules and regulations and they do the right thing in their operations (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). The other issue is that ethical issues are not only limited to internal affairs within the organization but extend beyond the boundaries of the company to impact on the other stakeholders. For instance, customers are the major stakeholders of the organization hence the leaders are expected to put measures in place that are meant to ensure that the targeted consumers are satisfied with the products and services offered by the organization. This is also very important since it helps the company to gain competitive advantage in its operations. When the clients are happy about the products and services they get from the company, loyalty among them is likely to be created. This helps the firm to operate viably as well as to sustain its operations in the long run. However, as noted, members of the organization can encounter ethical dilemmas in their operations where there are grey areas that can be viewed as ethical in other instances while other people view it as unethical. For instance, the utilitarian view of ethics is solely made on the basis of their outcomes or consequences where the goal is to provide the greatest good for the greatest number (Robbins, 1993). This view tends to dominate business decision making and it is consistent with goals like productivity, efficiency as well as effectiveness which all contribute to improved profitability of the organization. By maximising profits, business executives can argue that they are securing the greatest good for the greatest number of people within the organization. This view has been supported by Rhodes (2016) who states that good ethics often make good business. Essentially, the main goal of every business is to generate profits from its operations therefore there is nothing wrong about the course of action that it takes as long as it is in a position to fulfil its desired goals according to the utilitarian view of ethics. Though controversial, this argument can be sustained from a business perspective as long as the welfare of the employees who constitute the majority stakeholders in this case is satisfactory. However, in the case of 7-Eleven outlined above, it can be seen that the organization has been engaging in unethical business practices for the main purpose of maximising profits from its operations while at the same time underpaying the employees. This practice is unethical since it does not benefit the employees but is a source of misery to them since they are threatened with deportation once they try to raise the issue with their employers. From an ethical perspective, the utilitarian principle has its own advantages as well as liabilities. For instance, it promotes productivity and efficiency but at the same time it can result in the leadership ignoring the rights of the rights of the other individuals particularly those with minority representation (Robbins, 2000). This has been illustrated in the case of 7-Eleven above. Measures that can be taken to improve organizational climate Organizational climate is described as the perceptions shared as well as the meaning that is attached to the practices, policies as well as procedures that are experienced by the employees as well as the behaviour they observe and that is also expected in order to get reward (Schneider, Ehrhart and Macey, 2013). To a larger extent, the climate of the organization has a bearing on how the employees perceive their jobs. This also affects the attitude of the members within the organization which also affects the way they behave. Organizational climate influences the performance of the firm through employee motivation (Noordin, 2010). In most cases, employees are motivated by the way they are treated within the organization. For example, the workers who are treated as important are motivated by their work and they put optimum performance in their operations. The leaders need to be motivated such that they can also have a sense of respect for their followers. This in turn significantly mo tivates all the people such that they can be in a position to pull their efforts towards the same direction. As illustrated in the case of 7-Eleven, it is crucial for the organization to create an organizational climate that is favorable to the employees so that they can develop a sense of belonging to the company. On the other hand, the climate should also shape the behaviour of the leaders such that they understand that when dealing with employees, they also understand that they are human too and they deserve to be treated equally and in a fair manner unlike the treatment they are currently exposed to. When the leaders within the organization are motivated to be exemplary in their operations, then they are likely to behave in an ethical way. As such, effort should be made to ensure that the climate of the organization is designed in such a way that it appeals to the interests of all people so that they share the same vision of the company. When all the people share the same vision, then they are likely to understand what is expected of them such that they put effort to do the right thing. The other important aspect about the organizations climate is that it can be used as a tool by the company to measure the extent to which the company uses its employees towards the attainment of the desired goals (Hay Group, 2009). The companys success is mainly determined by the effort put by the people who work within it and this means that they should be properly treated in order for them to be loyal. The leaders need to conduct periodic surveys so that they can get feedback from the employees as well as the other stakeholders at large about the measures that need to be taken so as to understand the desired climate by these very important stakeholders to the company. The leaders who understand the desired climate by the employees can be able to suggest intervention strategies that can help to develop the skills of the employees (Noordin, 2010). This also helps the company to operate in an ethical way since all the people would be aware of what would be expected of them. The employ ees who have the required skills and competences are likely to work towards the attainment of the desired goals. On the other hand, companies also need to gain understanding of the needs of the external stakeholders so that it can design its climate to suit them. This will significantly help the company to create mutual understanding with all the stakeholders and ultimately trust among them. In case of both 7-Eleven and VW, it can be seen that the companies need to redefine their organizational cultures so that they suit the needs of the concerned stakeholders. This can also help the leaders to uphold the ethical principles expected of them in their operations. Once these companies have managed to create good climates for their working environments, they can be able to gain competitive advantage in their operations. The consumers in particular are attracted by the quality of service they get from the company instead of reaped of their hard earned money. The employees are also motiva ted by good working environment which is also good for the company. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be noted that the concept of ethics is mainly concerned about the rules or principles that define right and wrong conduct especially by businesses (Robbins, 2000). However, businesses often encounter certain situations that are characterised by grey areas where individuals can debate about the correct course of action to take in the event that the scenario can be viewed as right while others can view it as wrong. As illustrated in the two cases of 7-Eleven and VW, it has been observed that their operations are unethical since they are mainly designed to help the organizations to reap huge profits from their operations through unorthodox means. As noted in the discussion above, good leaders in most cases are ethical leaders since they are aware of what is expected of them and they strive to do the right thing. 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